Clamping tools are primarily used to secure workpieces or materials, ensuring stable positioning during machining. Typical examples include bench vises and wrenches.

　　1. Clamping tools are primarily used to secure workpieces or materials, ensuring stable positioning during machining operations. Typical examples include bench vises and wrenches. Bench vises use a mechanical mechanism to clamp workpieces onto the workbench, making them suitable for metalworking, woodworking, and other applications; wrenches, on the other hand, secure bolts or nuts by adjusting their opening size and come in various types, such as adjustable wrenches and socket wrenches, commonly employed in pipe installation, machinery maintenance, and related fields.

　　2. Impact tools perform their tasks by delivering force; the primary tool is the hammer. Hammer heads are typically made of metal, while the handles are crafted from wood or fiber. Depending on weight and application, hammers include claw hammers—designed for prying—as well as ball-peen hammers—suitable for general impact—and are widely used in assembly, disassembly, and striking operations.

　　3. Tightening tools are used to fasten or loosen screws, with screwdrivers being the most common example. Screwdrivers come in various head shapes—such as slotted, Phillips, and hexagonal—to match different screw types. Some models feature magnetic tips or interchangeable bits, enhancing ease of use and making them ideal for applications like electronic device repair and furniture assembly.

　　4. Cutting tools are designed for different materials, including hacksaws (for cutting metal or wood), utility knives (for trimming paper, plastic, and other soft materials), and wire cutters (for shearing thick cables or metal wires). Hacksaws achieve cutting through the reciprocating motion of their blades, utility knives perform precise cuts with sharp blades, and wire cutters rely on leverage to amplify cutting force.

　　5. Measuring tools are used to obtain dimensional or positional data. Typical instruments include tape measures (for length), spirit levels (to check surface horizontality or verticality), and vernier calipers (for precise measurements such as inner and outer diameters, and depth). Tape measures are highly portable, spirit levels feature built-in bubble levels, and vernier calipers can achieve an accuracy of up to 0.01 mm, making them widely employed in fields like construction, mechanical manufacturing, and more.

　　6. Files are used for surface finishing on metal or wood and are classified by tooth density into coarse‑toothed (for rapid material removal) and fine‑toothed (for precise finishing). They come in various shapes, such as flat files, half‑round files, and triangular files, to suit different workpiece geometries, and are commonly employed in mold making, metalworking, and other applications.

　　7. Chisels are classified by application into cold chisels (used for metalworking, such as drilling holes and cutting grooves) and wood chisels (used for wood carving or slotting). Cold chisels have sharp tips and are used in conjunction with a hammer; wood chisels have thinner blades and can be operated by hand or with light tapping, commonly employed in woodworking and architectural finishing.

　　8. Auxiliary tools include crowbars (which use the principle of leverage to move heavy objects), sandpaper (for surface finishing), and toolboxes (for storing and organizing tools). Crowbars are typically made of high-strength steel, sandpaper is graded by grit size to indicate coarseness or fineness, and toolboxes come in portable and stationary versions, all helping to improve tool‑management efficiency.

　　9. Special-purpose tools are designed for specific applications, such as pipe plungers (which remove blockages by rotating or delivering impact) and glass cutters (which use a diamond‑tipped wheel to slice glass). These tools are highly specialized and must be used in accordance with their intended operating procedures.